best sounding clipping diodes

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The best boost pedals for every budget. I think you could omit D1-5 (clipping diodes) then take a wire from track D and track F (left hand side, strip D2 and 3 currently connect to). Even that can be intentional, of course. 1 Electro-Harmonix Op Amp Big Muff Check Price 2 Z.Vex Fuzz Factory Check Price 3 Dunlop FFM3 Jimi Hendrix Fuzz Face Mini Distortion Check Price 4 Death by Audio Supersonic Fuzz Gun Check Price 5 Wampler Velvet Fuzz Check Price 6 Orange Fur Coat Check Price 7 Old Blood Noise Endeavors Haunt Check Price 8 Earthquaker Devices Colby Fuzz Sound The Jubilee's do use diodes but they are used very differently than the JCM800 2205 design. The 1N34A is a germanium diode Hmmm, the title of this thread is: Wanted, distortion-free soft clipping circuit. Soft clipped waves look like Figure 4, and it produces a better sound. The material of the diode also affects the clipping. The diodes above are all single diodes, however 4 diodes are available in a single package. On the pcb the diodes are connected so you can just run your switch to one diode's holes. more of a growl or gurgle. This is called a BRIDGE or BRIDGE RECTIFIER. Some fuzz pedals also add a bottom octave to the original note that you're playing. Venn Audio V-Clip More Info & Price (Trial Available) V-Clip is one of the most intuitive yet highly configurable clippers featuring detailed audio analytics. fort bragg murders 2002. 13 October 2021. About This Listing. Technically, it's still analog clipping. The section on Harmonic Distortion is towards the end. killertone Well-known member. A sputter control biases one of the transistors, and a diode switch chooses between Silicon or Germanium clipping diodes. covering hair halacha. Report Save Follow. On my CS-505 project they have several MA150 diodes listed; obviously these aren't for clipping (a la TS9/808). Clippers can be broadly classified into two basic types of circuits. Captures every nuance of your playing from smooth overdrive to screaming tube sounds. Lots of people will just get a toggle and only do 2 variations of clipping diodes. Keeley D&M Drive. Tessie. Land Devices HP-2 2.2. Use different diodes / LED's , etc. Mechanical hard clipping occurs when a systems physical limitations are exceeded. make the clipping assymetric. EarthQuaker Devices Plumes [Best Single-Channel TS-Style Evolution] 5. The negative clipping circuit is almost the same as the positive clipping circuit, with only one difference. norinco 45 compact. D.A.P.A. Fuzz pedals go all the way back to the early 1960s. 3. and may overshadow the diode clipping as well and provide even more convincing tones. Fredric Effects Utility Perkolator MkII 2.5. In contrast, silicon diodes (1n4148, 1n4001, 1n914, etc.) No reason they won't work at AF. The second key difference is a clipping switch, which allows you to choose between 2 different circuits within the pedal. then the diode clipping disappears. 923. This article mainly covers pinout, datasheet, features, equivalent , and other details about the BA159 diode . On the left, theres a switch to choose between three voices: Comp Cut, which removes the clipping diodes from the circuit and overdrives Or 2 & 3, etc. Ideally, if you are planning out some combination Germanium diode D2 is present not in all versions of OCD. Germanium diodes has much smaller voltage drop then silicon ones. 2. Hence, this article brings you the 7 best clipper plugins available in 2022. You can buy a bubble pack of fifty 1N914's from Radio Shack, and some will clip at 470mv while others may clip as high Same is true of Ge's. The 7 Best Clipper Plugins 2022 1. Maxon OD808 Overdrive [Best TS Boutique Clone] 7. Later on, I tested the KoT on my own 1966 Deluxe Reverb amp. Changes made: added a germanium diode in the clipping section; replaced the volume pot with a logarithmic one; decreased the values of the opamp and tone capacitors to have a lower bass response. This diode add little bit of asymmetry to the clipping. 7 available 1N34A green band 1. Above you can see special clipping diodes. Germanium 1N34A Single black ring 1. If you are trying to get that Germanium soft-clipping sound, just use Germanium diodes in a multi-gain stage (like a muff) circuit for the clipping diodes. I think the trannies I found that I liked best were 1086's, but I'll have to double check LM833N - low noise dual opamp, known to sound good in TS circuits MC1458 - low noise, soundwise somewhere in between the JRC4558D and the TI RC4558P TL072 - used in a variety of commercial TS clones TL072IP - Low noise version of the TL072, more hi-fi sounding TLC2272 - increased dynamic range, high drive Following up the success of their first two freebies, which were exclusively made for Techno producers, the guys from Diode Eins set to work once again to create a new FREE House drum kit, including drum shots, loops, and bonus material taken from their latest album Golden Hour. Replies. As far as NPN's go, I've personally found Silicone to be more useful (FOR ME) than Germanium. You may like it you may not. Rockstah had a Jose master layout diagram on Metro if you don't like schematic layout drawings. Furthermore, there is a huge range of semiconductors, capacitors, resistors, and Ics in stock. Fulltone OCD V2. Drunk Beaver Secret Sauce Fuzz 2.7. Price: $529/559/569. Bring a sense of space to your tone with the best reverb pedals. callaway said: Both devices (an LED and the body diode of a FET) have a softer knee between off and conducting than does a normal diode. The diodes are usually the same type, and in this case are 1N4148 silicon (0.7 v drop). 3. I added a SAT switch and tested 4 different styles of clipping . So the reason audio clipping occurs is because somewhere along the line, the amplitude (volume) of the audio is higher than those allowed limits and is peaking. The signature Big Muff sound comes from the two diode clipping sections in a row in the four stage transistor amplifier design combined with the unique tone control. Best Harmonic Percolator Fuzz Clones/Evolutions 2.1. But if frequency could go around GHz then 1N581x power schottky might not rectify as Ge- diode can. 5 Epic Melody Loops. Use 2 diodes facing one direction & one in the other direction. Latent Lemon Audio Hurts 2.6. There is a guy on youtube who has the best sounding version with sub octave I've heard, latent lemon audio, and he has a trimmer that controls where the octave start to appear. The two switches can take the Pharaoh from a clean/ fat boost to light OD which cleans up well with your guitars volume knob, all the way to hairy open fuzz. I built Bob Cordell's Super Gainclone (2nd ed. I've heard that smooth sustain and screaming fat tone. 2.) It turns out that removing one diode improves the sound significantly, making it less compressed and still very nicely overdriven! A 1n34 is a germanium diode and has a lower forward voltage drop than. It sounds full and beautiful even at late-night volumes, a huge contrast to V30s which need to be really moving to sound their best IMO.In addition to this, older amplifiers inputs are more sensitive and so the voltage needed to get to Engineering the Sound took a look at the new Overdrive Preamp from JHS Pedals. I heated the 1N4148 so much with soldering iron and the voltage drop decreased from 525mV to 170mV, then the 1N4148 were performing better than Ge- diode (voltage drop around 300mV.) Jim's amp was modified by our good friend the late Cesar Diaz, and is about the best sounding Fender amp I have heard. 12 killer cheap guitar pedals you need to try. Consequently, they have a different sound from the V1.4. Crunchy. Punchy! Now let's look at what the clipping diodes look like with the JET Lion distortion pedal. A completely free plugin will make your music clearer, louder, and more dynamic without distorting or clipping. The FX52 Classic Fuzz duplicates the sound of the early 60s distortion boxes, such as the Fuzz Face and the Fuzz Tone. Iris clipping of a diode laser beam when performing retinal photocoagulation. You can modify the resistor-diode clipping from Figure 1 as shown in Figure 4 by putting another resistor (R5) between the original resistor (R4) and clipping diodes. Near BWI Int'l. UK-based Latent Lemon shoots for the sound of Steve Albinis personal HP-1, but adds several tweaking options. Breaks up suddenly. Whereas, a designer would most likely use silicon clipping diodes, with 0.7V bias, to make it more aggressive, edgy, bright, has more bite. The first stage might use 2 germanium diodes to set a low clipping threshold, but make the clipping softer by means of the resistor and the use of modest gain. The location of clipping diodes has an effect on the sound as well. The 1n34a germanium diode the diode most used in crystal radio sets xtal radio sets. In this tutorial, we will learn how to use diodes in wave-shaping circuits like clippers or clampers. best christian parenting books for dads. Gqom sound packs. 1. Last edited: Mar 6, 2017 Alec_t Joined Sep 17, 2013 12,781. Feb 22, 2021. This is where the diode comes in, when placed in the signal path it has a predetermined voltage level that won't let current pass through, which in turn means clipping! Once the guitar signal is boosted high enough, then the clipping diodes start to take effect by altering the original sine wave. -Lane Lane Sparber, Oct 6, 2010 #4 rjohns1 Well Gonna sound funny but I've got the best result with Mesa pres. #5. 1. 2. Ibanez Tube Screamer Mini [Best TS in Mini Format] 3. it sounds like the waves are just slower or more far apart. The new TC Electronic Zeus Drive is very reminiscent of the Klon Centaur and has germanium diodes at the heart of its circuit. Shunt or Parallel Clippers. Asymmetrical clipping sounds a bit more like single ended tube amp overdrive. The most versatile overdrive pedal on the market. FYI - clipping generates tons of upper harmonics and can blow out your tweeters that are not protected. Enmore Audio. The 1N4004 diode has a cathode (-) and anode (+). Typically, a designer would use germanium clipping diodes, with 0.3V bias, to emulate a more subtle, soft, smooth, warm, vintage sounding drive. Share. EarthQuaker Devices Palisades V2 [Best Dual Channel TS-Style Evolution] 6. TS9 (and 90% of the "overdrives" out there)-diodes in the feedback loop of the first stage of a dual op-amp-smoother, "tube like" distortion and cleans up better with more gradual onset/fade of Yep. Check out the best Tube Screamer clones. However, removing both diodes makes it too fuzzy and uncontrollable. Series clipper circuit contains a power diode in series with the load connected at the end of the circuit. Since the JMP 1 uses diode clipping as well- the JJ803s might be the perfect tubes for it- they have a huge plate- different construction etc. 2. Age of Asparagus in YouTube Make a 3D Top Down Shooter with Godot - Part 3.13 Weapon Selector Over the next two videos well be adding a Weapon Selector to our HUD.. "/> If the diode in figures (a) and (b) is reconnected with reversed polarity, the circuits will become for a negative series clipper and negative shunt clipper respectively. FWIW, the venerated MA150 diode that is so highly sought after in the tube screamer world has similar characteristics as the 1S2473 and other diodes mentioned below. Add some depth with the best delay pedals. This gives you the clipping/limiting action. In reality they will have some sort of effect, when the input voltage tries to go over about 1.4 volts the diodes will be fully on and clamp it. For instance: 4. 5. Germanium: clips softly at 300-400mV.I used 1N34A, but bretty much any old germanium diode will work here and produce similar results. Newest First. Aug 7, 2009. This most commonly occurs in microphones and speakers. Finally, fuzz is produced through extreme clipping . Good bass. Other thing to consider (at lest with fixed clipping diodes), could be swapping the A100K volume pot for linear to gain better control over the volume. EarthQuaker Devices Plumes. Stick To One Plugin. Joyo JF02 2010 clipping.jpg. Symmetrical Dual Silicone Diodes Specifications. Yes it's just clipping. Try this setup for a different and unique sound. Reply. A 100pF cap across there to to suck up some of the high end fizz and you're well on your way to achieve that state of sweet Zen bliss. Still pretty hard clipping but smoothed out by the following stage. You could use this plugin as a creative saturation stage or as a mastering clipper. A pre- amp with mechanical switching straight onto a resistive volume control can handle much higher inputs simply by virtue of being able to turn the volume pot down, but that brings its own problems that mechanical resistive pots tend to lose resolution and balance at low levels. The correct levels that each piece of equipment is designed to handle is around +4 dBu, 0 VU, and -18 dBFS. Fv does not, however, tell the whole story, and several diodes in the same clipping range sound similar. It also has a similar control layout with Drive, Treble and Volume knobs, though there is also an added Fat switch. In a way, it sounds like a broken amplifier, and it features a lot of harmonic content. The 6AL5 was designed as a high frequency, small signal dual diode (useful for making SB and DB passive ring mixers). Instead of avoiding distortion as limiters do, clippers utilize it. Content may be subject to copyright.. The waveform is still chopped off, but the tops are still somewhat rounded. reasonable variation in voltage drop (clipping point) within diode types. Based in Marietta, Georgia, Jetter Gear is a pedal manufacturer exclusively dedicated to dirt boxes and increasingly focused on overdrives that makes an effort to keep as much of the build process in-house or closely under our direct control. Their circuit boards are designed and manufactured in the US, their cases For example, replacing the existing diodes with germanium diodes will yield a compressed, smooth fuzz sound. You can get different shades of distortion by swapping clipping diodes in your Tube Screamer or Super Overdrive. This is usually done by using the same number of diodes for each side (positive and negative) of the clipping circuit. All content in this area was uploaded by John Marshall on Jul 07, 2015 . Diodes are very versatile and can be used in different applications such as wave-shaping. Some of the Friedman amps use diode clipping too and they sound great. RFQ. You have to balance each stage correctly. The JRC4558 op amp currently installed sounded the coolest to me of the various ones I tried. It's kind of cool, because it means you can come up with switches that don't have to take some of the diodes out of the circuit. This translates to a rounder, softer clipping of the waveform. 1.) LEDs work alright, definitely less compressed sounding, but the stock assymetric clipping sounds the best. Rig Rundown Best-Ofs Rig Rundown: Def Leppard [2022] Soft clipping involves having two diodes connected on the feedback-path of an opamp or a transistor (Tubescreamer). Get all wobbly with the best tremolo pedals. Soft clipping was made with a Silicon/Germanium diode combination (1N4001 and 1N34) and the hard clipping was made with two silicon diodes (1N914s). \$\begingroup\$ If the output is connected directly to the input then the output is always going to be exactly the same as the input, the diodes will have no effect. Similarly, measuring exactly how much diodes clip is tough. As such, it is lower gain and has a greater dynamic response. Negative Diode Clipper. General purpose diodes such as the 1N4148 or 1N914 can be used for a wide variety of applications such as clamping, clipping, biasing, logic, and op amp rectifiers. Best 1N34a for pairs. April 13, 2022. Hard clipping is when two diodes shunt to ground, creating distortion as in the ProCo RAT. 7. They will, however, require a volt or two of reverse bias. It's not pretty, but still doesn't sound nearly as nasty as severe digital clipping, which will spew anharmonic aliasing components all over the spectrum and create a grungy mess - break the rules of digital audio, and you'll have to live with the consequences. . Be aware that the pedal will be much louder in this position. The color of the led now is red instead of blue. The first picture is our Blue Mode (Symmetrical dual silicone diodes), the second picture is our White Mode (Asymmetrical three silicone diodes), and the last is our Yellow Mode (Symmetrical dual red LEDs). We took a closer look at this miraculous reincarnation. I hope that makes sense. How To Stop FPS Guns From Clipping Into Walls In Godot How to stop fps viewmodel weapons from clipping when standing close to walls or other objects in Godot. 6. The resistor R8 is the very important one. By Sweetwater on Aug 10, 2015, 7:05 PM. ommmmmm. If you are trying to get that Germanium soft-clipping sound, just use Germanium diodes in a multi-gain stage (like a muff) circuit for the clipping diodes. Asymmetrical Germanium clipping diodes give a warm, tubey old school sound. Peak Clipping is a much-used technique for achieving smoother masters with a rich sound. In the schematic symbol, the tip of the triangle with the line on top of it is the cathode. For me, these are the best sounding diodes with the most natural saturation and cleanup I've ever heard, and I'm an addicted collector of diodes. If the gate-source threshold is 2v and the body diode is 0.7v then the signal will be able to swing only +2v and -0.7v. It follows on from the recent Magus distortion pedal and has the same dimensions. Uses original 4558 ic plus ma150 distortion diodes for authentic vintage sound. Clipping is instantaneous attack and release with a hard threshold. JHS Pedals Morning Glory V4. Technically, it's still analog clipping. The enclosure and design may not be the best, but the sound is powerful and articulate. BA159 is a 1 Amp fast recovery rectifier featuring 400~1000 Volts. D2 is preventing itself and the Q3 MOSFET that it's in series with from doing any signal clipping. The deep switch adds more bass into the signal, generating a lower octave effect. Diodes are often used as a final limiter to catch spikes, after the limiter circuit has done it's best. Click the "triode gain stage" link here at valve wizard for a detailed explanation of what's going on inside a tube (pentode tubes are pretty much the same cathode-grid-anode design with an extra turbo boost from the screen). 20, 16 and 12v zeners as well as MPSA06 transis 1980 JMP 2203 with Friedman JEL A Brief Hobbyist Primer on Clipping Diodes - Guitar Pedal X Use Xfer OTT Plugin. 4. Clippers are dynamics processors used for either controlling transients or for generating harmonic saturation. The diode(s) with the bigger threshold aren't doing anything. The diodes do add certain type of aggressive kerrang to the tone and feel IMHO but the effects a more subtle than using say 10-16V diodes in a JCM cascaded preamp. Video Livraria musical. TC Electronic Zeus Drive. ; Silicon: 1N4148: clips a bit harder at 600-700mV, standard for vast majority of overdrive pedals.I put two of them in the diode array to be able to match stock Timmy setting with two diodes per side in addition to using a single diode. Boss SD-1 with upgrades. Note that clipping adds extra harmonics into the signal before DIODE GPP 1A DO-41. Be aware that the 1n34a equivalent is a statement by the manufacturer specification sheet personally i dont see how as this is a silicon diode.The 1n34a will start to conduct around 1 volt. The Original: The Interfax HP-1 2. The first circuit, known as the Mythical circuit, is based on the diodes used in the original Klon Centaur. Clipping Diodes on: January 29, 2014, 07:59:19 pm Hey guys, Been reading some posts on audio forums that are confusing me regards clipping diodes, mainly the notion that one brand of germanium diode having audible differences to another brand of the same diode when used for clipping. VERSION 1.4 - From number #16061. From reading the MA150 datasheet, the MA150 also clips close to 1.0V I actually suggest getting a rotary and putting in 4 or more combinations. There are a couple of things you can do to make the diode clipper sound more "tube-like". Even that can be intentional, of course. Catalinbread Karma Suture (Ge or Si) 2.3. That makes the clipping of the waveform symmetrical. De-solder one side of D3 or D4 and put a 1K resistor (or less, if you want less of the effect) in series between the de-soldered end of the diode, and the point on the circuit board it had gone to. Use the one plugin for a long time that you know will increase the loudness naturally. For a Zendrive-ish sound, try asymmetrical clipping of two BAT41 Schottky diodes and one 2N7000 Mosfet on one side, and one of each on the other. from 190mv to 400mv. Best distortion pedals 2022: the top 11 high-gain stompboxes for guitarists | Guitar World Guitar Magazine Subscriptions From $13.99 News More You might need one of the best pedalboard power supplies, too Make a connection with the best patch cables on the block Check out the best Tube Screamer clones Get all wobbly with the best tremolo pedals This is a bit tricky to explain, I've been playing around with clipping for a little while using a clean guitar, passed through a clipping algorithm which produces a square wave at its highest level (when passed a sinusoid) and a rounded version of the sinusoid for values 0- (max-1). Our pick of the best Klon clones for every budget. Electronic Audio Experiments Dude Incredible V2 2.4. Soft clipping is similar to hard-clipping, except that when the signal reaches the blue line, it can push past it slightly. Fuzz pedals boost your signal more and then cut it abruptly, resulting in a "square"-shaped wave. Silicon diodes don't turn on until the Vf rises to 0.7V. Ibanez Tube Screamer TS9 [The Original] 2. There's suddenly much more bass and details. Bill Finnegan claimed that the hard-clipping 1N34A germanium diodes are the signature component of the Centaur's sound. D3 or D4 Add a 1K resistor in series with one of these. This is really confusing me. Controls: 2x volume, 2x lows, 2x more/presence, 2x output, 2x blend, 2x ghost, 2x bright cap switch, 2x preamp switch, mid-assign switch, re-amp EQ, mid level, mid frequency, dry gain, high shelf, bright-cap cut, mode switch. Capacitors in the feedback network have an effect on the sound that may be tough to model. Updated Nov. 25, 2020 by Paolo De Gregorio. It's not pretty, but still doesn't sound nearly as nasty as severe digital clipping, which will spew anharmonic aliasing components all over the spectrum and create a grungy mess - break the rules of digital audio, and you'll have to live with the consequences. Much better in symmetric than double black bands. The shunt clipper contains a diode in parallel with the resistive load. As with anything circuit based - it's how the core component is deployed which really matters - so you can 'soften' the clipping of a Diode by combining it with appropriate value capacitors and resistors, or stack them in series - evens (symmetrical) or odds (asymmetrical). Reply Delete. low gain, super smooth but growly. MOSFET clipping is probably my second fave. Hard clipping is more extreme, with the waveform becoming even more compressed and eventually turning into a square wave. Soft Clipping. Carrollton, Ga. That sounds pretty cool. 1n4004 diode direction cjc cigars 1992. chauffeur license. The best overdrive pedals in 2020 at a glance: Hudson Electronics Broadcast-AP. There are two diodes, D1 and D2, which provide soft clipping. As a result, the positive signal is clipped by the single Q2 MOSFET body diode at about 0.8V, but the negative signal is only clipped by the opamp when it hits near-rail giving a very asymmetrical waveform. tend to provide a crisper, tighter, more focused sound. Even though the Rangemaster is called a treble booster, it's really a "bass killer" - the low end stays tight (or is tightened up), and the clipping in the upper mid and treble frequencies is enhanced, making things sound probably more distorted or "harmonically lively" than we'd have Silicon Diodes for a raspy distorted sound, Diode bypass for more volume /headroom and less clipping. JHS Bonsai [Best Multi-Voice TS Clone] 4. I've heard a few OD pedals here and there that have a really slow clipping type sound. This version gives asymmetrical clipping that tends to emphasis the even harmonics. When these are receiving or creating sound, the diaphragm pushes and pulls with respect to the sound pressure level (SPL). This is a more delicate way to run the diodes in clipping, and this results in a softer-sound. Actually the most famous of the 'Hard Clipper' Diodes as seen and for their use on Distortion+ and Rat pedals in particular - but also the Klon Centaur. Germanium Clipping Diodes typically generate High Distortion with Significant Compression. For the record, LEDs have the reputation of having the most "Marshally" clipping sound on the pedal forums I haunt. There are many options for clipping diodes. Lighter clipping is called soft clipping, which tends to be more on the overdrive side of things. A must for musicians looking for a more nostalgic sound. 3.) Klon KTR overdrives will soon be manufactured with a different clipping diode as the brands supply of legendary new old stock (NOS) begins to run dry.. READ MORE: JHS Josh Scott is selling the first Klon Centaur for $500,000 In a live-streamed company update from owner Bill Finnegan on 7 September, it was announced that after using the legendary diodes in Klon Symmetrical clipping clips both positive and negative amplitude peaks of a waveform evenly. You can try out 1N4001s (Si), 1N34s (Ge), 1N270s (Ge), 1N914s (Si) or LEDs. First, the Jubilee uses LEDs (light emitting diodes) while the 2210-2205 does not. The same technique can be applied if you have p-channel mosfets such as the BS250. Dark, but otherwise generic germanium sound. A lot of solid state amps have diodes used for distortion/clipping, usually in the feedback loop of an op amp and/or on the output to ground. The sound it produces becomes gradually. However, testing by ear, as well as waveform analysis have since showed that, if anything, the effect of these diodes is marginal. 2. Product Details. p.686) with his Klever Klipper (p.521) soft clip circuit. When I lower the output pot, diode clipping is back. 0: No diode clipping. Electro-Harmonix Soul Food. Even a lot of distortions, and most "tight" drive pedals all follow this basic design. Observing the waveform from output B, you can see now that there is clipping occuring. in each half of the clipper for differnet charachteristics. So if your source starts noticeably clipping at 90% Volume (remembering that different tracks will cause clipping at different volumes dependant on the power needed to produce each), you might set it to 80% and then use your amp to raise it to the desired. A layout would be awesome! Limiting has some attack and release time to keep some sound quality. They have taken inspiration from a beyond rare pedal from the 70s. for example in this circuit below. You can just use a on-on-on switch and put the sets of diodes on the outer lungs and none in the middle. Circuit modified to increase the lows and low-mids, improve the distortion with vintage Toshiba clipping diodes, increase the overall gain, and install a socket for the op amp for trying different ones. 6. If you want to stick with 12", the Avatar/Fane H75 is the best speaker I've used for low volume playing. I have to think about the math a bit, but if I recall correctly, this leads to a little more even-order harmonics. By way of explanation, asymmetrical clipping is where one leg has one or more diodes than the other, which tends to emphasize even order harmonics a bit more. 1. Analog Man King Of Tone. Boss JB-2 Angry Driver. They are: Series Clippers. Past that, the real tonal differences are from the mix of the individual component values. Bob's book includes a THD plot, showing the increased distortion at high level (p.522).

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