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Improving dock function, employee safety, and effective transfer of goods from your facility to its intended destination should be a primary concern of all conscious business owners and purchasers. When considering your clients application determine the highest and lowest truck received, in addition find the average truck bed height (note whether the trailers are refrigerated or not). These doors should be able to close completely and lock after business hours. Call the Experts! mybutton.style.display = "block"; By changing the position of the ramp or using a different dock design, you can avoid having a loading ramp that is too steep and ensure that it offers your forklift drivers easy maneuverability and convenience while remaining safe. Always remember the combination of 20", 24", or 36" vertical bumpers, with standard sizes, provides extended depth protection for varying truck heights; (Fig. Air Intake Ventilation: The placement and location of outside air intakes is critical to the health and well-being of the building occupants and must be in compliance with the security requirements of the building. Much of their advice is common sense, but it never hurts to have a refresher and a checklist of requirements for investing in dock ramps. Install bumpers (Fig 10) 1" to 2" below dock level. Note: Greater door widths should be considered if wide-load permitted trucks are to be serviced, and at least one door should allow for the greater width, if a future need may require it. If a ramp does need to be steep, it is best to use welded metal grates for the decking rather than wood boards. Effectively use your dock plate by centering a 36 bumper below the door opening, this allows for simple plate insertion even when a truck is already docked. The flow of circulation into the dock should pass this control point, and access should be restricted to authorized personnel. Should you have any questions or comments on the WBDG, please feel free to contact our team at wbdg@nibs.org. 7). Shipping and receiving logs should be kept. To eliminate or reduce exposure to the gas take the following steps: Instruct truck drivers to turn off their engines when docked; Consider using electric powered forklifts or electric powered jacks; Install a carbon monoxide alarm and test it regularly; Use local exhaust ventilation to remove carbon monoxide; Provide enough ventilation to remove carbon monoxide even when doors and windows are shut. If a facility has special requirements for a loading ramps size or location, it is usually best to have a custom loading dock designed to suit the circumstances. This provides an overall truck width of 10 including the mirrors. Unpainted heavy masonry walls provide mass. Drivers should always carry a load pointed up the incline, even when they are driving down an incline. When planning the dock height always try to strive for the least incline/decline approach to load/unload the vehicles that arrive at the dock, this will provide a longer life for the material handling equipment and the dock leveler. This dock shares the same foundation as the wall. The loading Dock is a key component of any facility, whether it is a warehouse, grocer, retail outlet, plant, or other material handler. See also Air Barrier Systems in Buildings. References: 3 & 4), vertical units prevents a loaded trailer from dislodging shorter bumpers as the truck bed rises during unloading (Fig. Acrobat Distiller 3.01 for Power Macintosh Outside your dock on the apron, bottlenecking occurs when trucks are staged forloading without adequate room for safe departure of other trucks leaving the facility. Factors which ensure the safe function of those pieces of equipment is relative to dock door displace-ments from each other as well as adequate staging space within the facility. Open loading docks cannot be heated or cooled and it provides little protection for materials, packages and employees. Innovative Solutions for the Built Environment For docks with multiple loading bays door displacement is crucial to effective loading and as a deterrent to bottlenecking from cramped staging areas. Determination of the suitability of any product and any application contemplated by the Buyer is the sole responsibility of the Buyer or User. Weather Protection for Users and Goods: Open loading docks should be covered at least four feet beyond the edge of the platform over the loading berth to protect users and goods being loaded and unloaded. Through a variety of equipment loading docks can speed up traffic and capture costs that add up if left unattended. Another form of restriction from bottlenecking occurs when there is not enough room on the sides of the trailer to safely turn out away from other trucks on the apron. In the event of improper product selection by the Buyer, Loading Dock Supply makes no warranty or guarantee of results to be obtained since use and application by the Buyer are beyond our control. Trucks come in a wide variety of heights, overall lengths and bed heights. %PDF-1.6 % Whether you need a portable loading ramp that can provide access to trucks in the yard, or a semi-permanent auxiliary ramp for your loading dock, OSHA-compliance begins with picking the right product. When planning this extension of your dock recognizing the needs of current and future potential freight is fundamental to the long term viability of the facility. Safety Requirements for the Forklift Battery Room: Back to Basics, Platform Carts Vs. Furniture Dollies for Industrial Material Handling, An Employers Guide to OSHA Recordable Injuries and Illnesses. 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700 | Washington, DC 20005-4950 | (202) 289-7800 With careful planning many of the risks and expenditures associated with a design lacking proper safety features can be alleviated. 5). Due to the diversity and variations that may exist at the loading dock, any specification, drawings or other material pertaining to the loading dock should be developed and approved by an experienced professional architect and reviewed by an experienced loading dock professional. Monday-Friday Loading docks are the arrival and departure point for large shipments brought to or taken from a building by trucks and vans. A good forklift ramp will help you meet all of these requirements and, in turn, keep forklift operators safe and in-control of their heavy loads. If trucks are approaching at an angle a continuous bumper or overlapping angles should be used to limit the chance of a trailer corner coming in contact with the wall. Carbon Monoxide Exposure: Carbon monoxide exposure from trucks and powered material-handling equipment, such as forklifts, presents a serious health risk to employees who work on loading docks. Open Loading Dock Design Saw tooth loading dock designs are effective where dock apron space needs to be minimized. For example, a 5% slop requires a 10 bumper projection. When determining the number of loading bays needed to support your product flow, consider the number of trucks received per day, delivery schedules, how many pallets can be loaded or unloaded per hour at one opening, and the number of trailers typically staged at your dock. Typically when continuous protection is necessary overlapping angles can provided economical benefits by reducing the number of holes drilled and the number of materials used for installation (Fig. window.onscroll = function() {scrollFunction()}; The maximum grade capability of a pallet jack is 3%, electric pallet jack 7%, electric lift truck 10% and gasoline fork tucks is 15%. A heavy-duty solid-steel approach plate makes the transition from ground to ramp steady and stable. +1 (800)741-1258, Electric Trailer Restraint The 8-inch steel curbs keep forklifts from veering off the ramp even when poor steering takes the lift truck too far to one side. Monitoring Deliveries and Shipments: Examination of deliveries should take place in the staging area and should be monitored by the truck driver and a shipping/receiving clerk. This allows a variety of trailer heights to be accommodated without the risk of trailers coming in below the 10 bumper centered in the opening. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, n.d. Yard Ramps from BHS have a similar build but allow for extra versatility. When the building wall projects past the foundation due to the use of metal or other finishing material, dock bumper projection must be considered more closely; i.e. The maximum grade capability of your clients material handling equipment, consistent with dock leveler and board length. 4" Thickx 10"High x 13" Long, 4" Thick x 12"High x 13" Long OSHA also recommends that operators drive in reverse up inclines when they do not have a load. In addition to choosing the right equipment, there are many steps a warehouse manager can take to make loading and unloading safer and more OSHA-compliant. Loading dock flooring that is clean and well cared for. This design often used by package handlers utilizing fleets of box trucks, allows for control against pilferage while improving efficiency and comfort; it also doubles as space for overhead cranes loading/unloading flat bed trucks. See WBDG Materials. Second, if the incline or decline is too severe employee, equipment, and product safety come under risk of toppling during unloading & loading. Refrigerated doors generally require a, solid one-piece construction, bumper for a complete seal around the truck and dock (Fig. Locate normal and emergency fuel storage areas away from loading docks. That is why it is vital that your loading dock be built properly to allow your employees to use it safely and efficiently. Serving OH, AL, AK, AZ, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, IA, IL, IN, ID, KS, KY, LA, ME, MD, MA, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT, NE, NV, NH, NJ, NM, NY, NC, ND, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, SD, TN, TX, UT, VT, VA, WA, WV, WI, WY, Get a QuoteBack to Top 1) or the lower steel members of trailer bodies. Contact Us Web. The initiation of future planning can take many forms, whether that is installing knock out panel walls for future door expansions, or building your dock to standard height and using wheel risers for smaller trucks. This allows a dock to receive standard trailers at a 48 dock height and box trucks which would come in below the operating range of many boards and levelers. Flooring: Resilient flooring should be used in offices adjacent to utilitarian spaces such as loading docks. Accident Prevention: Slips and falls are among the most common types of accidents that occur on loading docks. uuid:889e6c4d-8a7b-4af2-a4e0-12baf5eefb4a // When the user clicks on the button, scroll to the top of the document The goal of 'Whole Building' Design is to create a successful high-performance building by applying an integrated design and team approach to the project during the planning and programming phases. Exterior Doors: Easy access overhead coiling doors are preferred for loading docks. 1999-10-28T09:40:12Z Bill Use 3/4" "J" bolts with a minimum length of 8" with 1 1/4" projection. See also WBDG Secure/SafeSecurity for Building Occupants and Assets. The above general information about truck can aid in designing the loading dock, it is best to remember that each of the above truck heights can vary as much as 6" to 8" (12" if air-ride trailer suspension) in height from empty to fully loaded, this is know as "float". Competitor Replacement Battery Extractors, Stainless Steel Mobile Wash Station with Water Tanks, Compartment Roller Tray Low Profile Plate Mount, Powered Mobile Lift & Tilt Tables (PMLTT), Material Carts, Hand Trucks, & Warehouse Trailers, Structural Barriers, Bollards, Safety Equipment, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) & Safety Tools, Spool Winding Trolley Industrial Internet of Things, Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Solutions, Operator Aboard Battery Extractor Systems, Compliance Statement for California Proposition 65, OSHA also recommends that operators drive in reverse. If the apron space is to be surfaced with asphalt, a concrete landing strip must be poured. Bottle necks inside and outside your facility should always be avoided. This puts the top of the trailer further away from the wall, while also channeling water runoff away from the facility and your product. Open docks without predetermined docking positions, are best suited to a combination of several bumper sizes and placements (Fig.3). Some of the more general requirements address ensuring a slow, controlled ascent or descent on the ramp. WBDG is a gateway to up-to-date information on integrated 'whole building' design techniques and technologies. Loading docks are utilitarian spaces that should be designed for function and durability. See also Designing Buildings to Resist Explosive Threats. Ask About Knowing the maximum grade capability of your material handling equipment can help determine the dock height and dock leveler length. Saw Tooth Loading Dock Design a truck with an overall length of 70' requires a minimum apron space of 150). If a ramp is being used in a tight space, the length of the ramp may need to be shortened, which means that the slope of the ramp is affected and the rest of the loading dock system should be designed to make sure that it is still safe to be used. For Open Docks 29 CFR 1910.178 Powered industrial trucks. Vertical units with steel faces are particularly applicable with truck leveling devices that raise the entire truck to dock level. Separate or dedicated docks should be considered for food service areas. Dock bumper thickness is the second most important component besides placement of the bumpers. 3.) With shelters, the rubber surface of the bumper must extend under the vertical members of the Shelter pad to complete the seal. Note that dumpsters used at the loading dock should be located in a controlled area. For example, an 8 wide bay door receiving trucks at a straight approach are best protected by 24 high bumpers on either side and a standard 10 high bumper in the center. When considering what adequate space for staging is, consider the largest freight received at your facility; be sure not to design your dock around smaller trucks if there is a possibility of receiving over the road LTL trailers in the future.

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