arctic national wildlife refuge map

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0000001076 00000 n ABoVE seeks a better understanding of the vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems and society to this changing environment. Each year, thousands of waterfowl and other birds nest and reproduce in areas surrounding Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk fields and a healthy and increasing caribou herd migrates through these areas to calve and seek respite from annoying pests. A popular wilderness route and historic passage exists between the two villages, traversing the refuge and all its ecosystems from boreal, interior forest to Arctic Ocean coast. 0000176450 00000 n Later it was expanded during the Carter Administration, in 1980 through the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Contact for Data Center Access Information: Jorgenson, J.C., P.E. xref Oil field facilities have been located and designed to accommodate wildlife and utilize the least amount of tundra surface. Joria, T.R. The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. %%EOF 1. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. 0000001475 00000 n U.S. Beginning as predominantly treeless tundra with scattered islands of black and white spruce trees, the forest becomes progressively denser as the foothills yield to the expansive flats north of the Yukon River. Two sets of vegetation field data were acquired; one set for training data and one to assess the map accuracy. Eight million acres (32,000km) of the refuge are designated as wilderness area. A grassroots movement seeking to protect this corner of Alaska began in the early 1950s. pulchra). Dall sheep and wolves are active all year, while grizzly bears and arctic ground squirrels are frequently seen during summer but hibernate in winter. Wilms. 4 0 obj <> endobj To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. The two images were georeferenced to UTM Zones 6 and 7 using a second-order transformation and nearest- neighbor resampling. 1982. It contains remote, complete, and undisturbed lands across five different ecological regions within a continuum of six different ecozones that span some 200 miles (300km) north to south. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. National Park Service planner and conservationist George Collins and biologist Lowell Sumner, along with Wilderness Society President Olaus Murie and his wife Margaret Murie, launched a spirited campaign to permanently safeguard the area. 2018. During the summer, whales migrate through these waters. 0000216165 00000 n Fish such as dolly varden and arctic cisco are found in nearshore waters. Located in the eastern part of the Brooks Range, it is home to much of the diverse and spectacular wildlife in the Arctic. Table 5. 0000335281 00000 n Official websites use .gov Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Walker, D.A., W. Acevedo, K.R. 0000291227 00000 n 2018-12-31, Data Set Version: startxref Jorgenson, J.C., and D.A. Landsat-assisted environmental mapping in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. Harlequin ducks and red-breasted mergansers are seen on swift-flowing rivers. The study area for the mapping project included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) in Alaska. Reitz, M.K. 0000343078 00000 n Tundra with sedge tussocks and dwarf shrubs covers most foothill uplands. Final changes were made and the two maps were joined (Jorgenson et al., 1994). The study area included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger ANWR. These waters remain ice-covered for eight or more months each year. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Year-round residents of the boreal forest include moose, lynx, marten, wolverines, black and grizzly bears, and wolves. There are two companion files with this data set, which providedetailed information on the mapping project. These datawere obtained fromthe Alaska Arctic Geoecological Atlas (http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu), which provides access toexisting Arctic vegetation plot and map datain support of the ABoVE campaign. Sixteen land-cover types are noted, with a 17th notation for shadow (Jorgenson et al., 1994). It extends from the Beaufort Sea on the north to the Ogilvie Mountains on the south, with the Canadian border forming its eastern boundary. Caribou travel to the coastal plain during June and July to give birth and raise their young. Walker. 0000001944 00000 n One of the world's largest industrial complexes, spanning some 1,000 square miles of once-pristine Arctic tundra, the North Slope holds Prudhoe Bay and 26 other oilfields, which include the following:[6], Much of the debate over whether to drill in the Refuge rests on the amount of economically recoverable oil, as it relates to world oil markets, weighed against the potential harm oil exploration might have upon the natural wildlife, in particular the calving ground of the Porcupine caribou. The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. Toxic spills and air pollution from permanent, year-round operations are destroying Alaska's fragile North Slope. In 1923, a 23-million acre Petroleum Reserve was established to secure a supply of oil for future national security needs. Sixteen land-cover classes (note that there are 18 listed in the table below since there are 18 listed in the GeoTIFF file. 0001032870 00000 n This narrow strip of land includes only 10 percent of the total Refuge acreage, but includes most of the Refuge's coastal plain and arctic foothills ecological zones. Land Cover and Vegetation Map, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. In 1980 the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act enlarged the area, designated much of the original Range as Wilderness under the 1964 Wilderness Act, and renamed the entire area the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Archive Center 0000539845 00000 n The remaining 10.1 million acres (40,900km) of the refuge are designated as "minimal management," a category intended to maintain existing natural conditions and resource values. 0000250618 00000 n Because the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is believed to contain a large supply of crude oil, the question of whether to drill for oil has been an ongoing political controversy since 1977.[2]. 0000336641 00000 n 0001164048 00000 n Congressional authorization is required before oil drilling may proceed in this area. Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge supports a greater variety of plant and animal life than any other protected area in the Arctic Circle. Generally, visitors gain access to the land by aircraft, but it is also possible to reach the refuge by boat or by walking (the Dalton Highway passes near the western edge of the refuge). Two additional "classes" are included: a class for shadow and unprocessed pixel). During World War II, the entire North Slope of Alaska - 48.8 million acres - was withdrawn from entry under the public land laws and held for exclusive use by the United States government for military purposes. Therefore, field sites were chosen based on distributions of vegetation types on the ground, not on distributions of spectral classes from the Landsat-TM images. Raynolds, M. Emers, M.A. trailer Users guide for the land-cover map of the coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. South of the coastal plain, the mountains of the eastern Brooks Range rise to over 9,000 feet (3,000 m). Foothills are the most common terrain type in the study area. Webber. General areas of representative vegetation were identified from color-infrared (CIR) photographs. Mountainous terrain occurs only in a small portion of the study area, near Sadlerochit Spring (Walker et al., 1982). 0001229637 00000 n Collins, Sumner, and the Muries are considered founders of the Refuge. Wet Graminoid Tundra with moist inclusions in low-centered polygons, with wet sedge in centers and troughs and moist sedge on rims (from Jorgenson et al., 1994). The data used to derive the map cover the period 1982 to 1993. The ice pack is the winter home for polar bear and numerous seals. 0000291354 00000 n 0000140532 00000 n Five major terrain types had been mapped and described during the making of the 1982 map (Walker et al., 1982). Dominant plants include sheathed Cottongrass (Eriophorum vaginatum), numerous ericaceous shrubs, dwarf birch (Betua nana) and diamond-leafed willow (Salix planifolia ssp. 0001098459 00000 n These areas are suitable for wilderness designation, although there are presently no proposals to designate them as wilderness. https://doi.org/10.3334/ORNLDAAC/1384. Imm, T.A., Dillon, J.T., and Bakke, A.A., 1993, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Special Report 42, 1 sheet, scale 1:500,000. https://doi.org/10.14509/2641, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; Derivative; Generalized; Geologic Map; Geology, Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, Sheet 1, Generalized geologic map of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska, scale 1:500,000, Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys. These data provide a record of vegetation and landcover for the time period 1982 - 1993 for the area and could be useful to climate change studies. When it was passed by the United States Congress, the Act designated a specially protected area within the Refuge, known as "1002 Area." Tens of thousands of snow geese stop here during September to feed before migrating south, and musk oxen live here year-round. 0000335892 00000 n A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Wedged between the Brooks Range and the coast, it is considered critically important to the ecological integrity of the whole Arctic Refuge, providing essential habitats for numerous internationally important species. McCabe, B.R. Moist Sedge Tussock Tundra with approximately 20% tussock cover (average for this class) (from Jorgenson et al., 1994). The refuge consists of 19,300,000acres (78,000km) on Alaska's North Slope. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. These areas were ground truthed by by botanists to determine if corrections needed to be made. 0000290491 00000 n Neotropical migratory birds breed here in spring and summer, attracted by plentiful food and the variety of habitats. The agreement level of 50% suggests that 16 land-cover classes may be too many to distinguish accurately in this area using the Landsat and ancillary data available at the time (Jorgenson et al., 1994). History of "Arctic National Wildlife Refuge", https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge&oldid=1059820, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. During summer, peregrine falcons, gyrfalcons, and golden eagles build nests on cliffs. 0000335355 00000 n The region first became a federal protected area in 1960 by order of Fred Andrew Seaton, Secretary of the Interior under U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The study area included 18,510 km2 of the coastal plains and adjacent mountains of the larger ANWR. The expansion of the refuge in 1980 designated 1.5 million acres (6,100km) of the coastal plain as the 1002 area and mandated studies of the natural resources of this area, especially oil exploration. This area of rolling hills, small lakes, and north-flowing, braided rivers is dominated by tundra vegetation consisting of low shrubs, sedges, and mosses. These include the Arctic Coastal Plain, with lagoons, beaches and saltmarshes; Arctic Foothills, containing coastal plain tundra; Brooks Range consisting of alpine tundra; Interior Highlands, which along with the Interior Forested Lowlands and Uplands, comprise the forest-tundra transition south of the mountains; and the Ogilvie Mountains, containing tall spruce, birch, and aspen of the boreal forest.[1]. Enlargements were made for 17 areas that represented a variety of vegetation and terrain types. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. The remainder of the region is available for oil and gas development. 0000605434 00000 n There are no roads within or leading into the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, though there are settlements there. The area includes calving grounds of the migratory Caribou herd and is a nesting habitat for many birds and waterfowl (Jorgenson et al., 1994). The Refuge was created in 1960 during the Eisenhower Administration by Public Land Order 2214. 0000290373 00000 n Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA. Arctic Village is a Gwich'in settlement on the east fork of the Chandalar River on the southern boundary of the Refuge. 0000903488 00000 n 0000001415 00000 n 0000291114 00000 n 0000071489 00000 n By the 1950s accelerated resource development caused mounting concern for the region's natural environment and potential loss of habitat. Spatial Coverage:Coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Region: Northern Alaska (coastal plain of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge), Temporal Coverage:1982-06-01 to 1993-08-31, Study Area(All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees), There is one data file with this data set in GeoTIFF (*.tif) format, Table 1: Data file names and descriptions, Table 2. Figure 2. 0 Caribou travel here from farther north to spend the winter. Establishment of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge followed. 42 0 obj <>stream 0000474256 00000 n 0000043233 00000 n [tdc_zone type=tdc_content][vc_row][vc_column][td_block_trending_now limit=3][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsiYm9yZGVyLXRvcC13aWR0aCI6IjEiLCJib3JkZXItY29sb3IiOiIjZTZlNmU2In19][vc_column width=2/3][td_block_slide sort=featured limit=3][td_block_2 border_top=no_border_top category_id= limit=6 td_ajax_filter_type=td_category_ids_filter ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS RECIPES][td_block_1 border_top=no_border_top category_id= sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS BEAUTY][td_block_ad_box spot_id=custom_ad_1][td_block_15 category_id= limit=8 sort=random_posts custom_title=SEA MOSS HEALTH BENEFITS][/vc_column][vc_column width=1/3][td_block_social_counter custom_title=STAY CONNECTED facebook=tagDiv twitter=tagdivofficial youtube=tagdiv border_top=no_border_top][td_block_9 custom_title=LIFESTYLE border_top=no_border_top category_id= ajax_pagination=next_prev sort=random_posts][td_block_ad_box spot_id=sidebar][td_block_2 sort=random_posts limit=3 category_id= custom_title=SEA MOSS BUSINESS][td_block_title][td_block_10 limit=3 custom_title= border_top=no_border_top tdc_css=eyJhbGwiOnsibWFyZ2luLXRvcCI6Ii0yMCJ9fQ==][/vc_column][/vc_row][/tdc_zone], Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. Climate change in the Arctic and Boreal region is unfolding faster than anywhere else on Earth. The map was derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper (Landsat TM) data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), aerial photographs, existing maps, and extensive ground-truthing. <]/Prev 1334549>> Agreements for both Landsat images were the same. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article The abundance of wildlife found there includes 36 different fish species, land mammals such as caribou, musk oxen, wolverines, and wolves, nine marine mammals such as sea lions, seals, and otters, and more than 160 migratory and resident bird species. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In the United States, the geographic location most remote from human trails, roads, or settlements is found here, at the headwaters of the Sheenjek River. The fate of the Range was extensively debated in Congress for years before passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980. Sixteenland-cover classes across the northern coastal plain of the ANWR were mapped according to the following method (for additional details, refer to the companion file Jorgenson_1994_Arctic_National_Wildlife_Refuge.pdf): These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active A map of riparian zones was digitized from active floodplains, islands, and low river terraces identified from aerial photographs. This northernmost extension of the Rocky Mountains marks the Continental divide, with north-flowing rivers emptying into the Arctic Ocean and south-flowing rivers joining the Yukon River. The area is bounded by the Canning River to the west, the Alaska-Canada border to the east, the Beaufort Sea to the north, and the Brooks Mountain Range to the south. Protected by the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act is an area known as "1002 Area."

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