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[citation needed]. Thomas Spencer Baynes claimed in 1856 that, due to its position at the heart of the Kingdom of Wessex, the relics of Anglo-Saxon accent, idiom and vocabulary were best preserved in the Somerset dialect. (revised and completed by Lawrence, J.C.) (2005). For the former European constituency, see, British kingdoms and the arrival of the Saxons. The Heart of Wessex Line runs from Bristol in the north of the region to Weymouth on the south Dorset coast via Westbury, Castle Cary and Yeovil, with most services starting at Gloucester. [51][52] Bokerley Dyke, a large defensive ditch on Cranborne Chase dated to 367, delayed the Saxon conquest of Dorset, with the Romano-British remaining in Dorset for 200 years after the withdrawal of the Roman legions. The Cornish Rebellion of 1497 led by An Gof and Thomas Flamank ended in a march to Blackheath in London where the Cornish forces were massacred. [172], There are around 29 further education colleges in the region.[174]. In 2017 the Conservatives lost 3 seats (Bristol North West, Plymouth Sutton and Devonport and Stroud) to Labour and 1 (Bath) to the Liberal Democrats. BBC Local Radio services in the region include Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Bristol, Wiltshire, and Gloucestershire, along with BBC Radio Solent's partial opt-out service for Dorset. Limestone is also found in the region, at the Cotswolds, Quantock Hills and Mendip Hills, where they support sheep farming. There are villas, farms and temples dating from the period, including the remains at Bath. X-Fab UK (semiconductor fabrication plant, former Plessey Semiconductors) is next to the A386 Bickleigh Cross roundabout; nearby BD have a large plant making medical vacutainers (for blood samples) on Belliver Way Ind Est in the north of Plymouth; south of BD off the B3373 in Southway is Silicon Sensing Systems (who make vibrating structure gyroscopes and are owned by UTC Aerospace Systems, previously BAE Systems, and BAe Dynamics, who had made nose cones for aircraft including Concorde), and Schneider Electric UK (Drayton Controls, market-leading thermostatic radiator valves for central heating, previously owned by Invensys Controls UK). [2] The region has by far the longest coastline of any English region. The M5 runs from the West Midlands through Gloucestershire, Bristol and Somerset to Exeter. The population of the South West in 2009 was about five million.[15]. There are twelve universities in the region: There are also four higher education colleges. A. and South Gloucestershire U. In rugby union, the region has four Premiership Rugby teams: Bath Rugby, Bristol Bears, Exeter Chiefs and Gloucester Rugby. Next to Royal Marines Base Chivenor, Perrigo makes Germolene and own-label OTC medicines at the Wrafton Laboratories in Heanton Punchardon on the A361. Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB) Devonport is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy. It last sat in summer 1540, although it was never formally abolished. On the A361 in Highworth north-east of Swindon, TS Tech make car seats for Honda, also with a site at the Renault Centre on the Rivermead industrial estate.[152]. [87] The Cornish had a particular motivation for opposing the new English language prayer book, as there were still many monoglot Cornish speakers in West Cornwall. Neither Sweyn Forkbeard nor Canute conquered or controlled Scotland, Wales or Cornwall; but these areas were "client nations": subject to payment of a yearly tribute or danegeld to Sweyn and later Canute, all three areas retained their autonomy from the Danes. Weymouth and Portland has the highest council tax in England. To the east of Yeovil, in Houndstone, Garador make garage doors (part of Hrmann Group of Amshausen, Europe's largest mechanical door manufacturer). The rebels landed at Lyme Regis and travelled north hoping to capture Bristol and Bath, Puritan soldiers damaged the west front of Wells Cathedral, tore lead from the roof to make bullets, broke the windows, smashed the organ and the furnishings, and for a time stabled their horses in the nave. Eventually England came to be ruled by Norse monarchs, and the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms fell one by one, Wessex being conquered in 1013 by King Sweyn Forkbeard. In the 2015 general election, there was a 0.7% swing from Labour to Conservative in the region. Edward the Confessor retook Wessex for the Saxons. The M4 motorway from London to South Wales via Bristol is the busiest. Parkham Farms make Westcountry Farmhouse Cheddar at Woolfardisworthy, Torridge. [41] The empire disintegrated gradually, and elements of Romanitas lingered on for perhaps a century. The climate of inland areas is more noticeable the further north-east into the region. CC = county council. South West England is one of nine official regions of England. The boundaries were carried forward into the 1990s when regional administrations were formally established as Government Office Regions. South West England was one of the constituencies used for elections to the European Parliament until Brexit in 2020. LV= (insurance) is at Frizzell House at Westbourne at the County Gates Gyratory A35/A338 roundabout. [32] There is some evidence of human occupation of southern England before the last ice age, such as at Kents Cavern in Devon, but largely in the south east. [34] The landscape at this time was tundra. Valves make diving equipment in Helston off the B3297 on Water-Ma-Trout Ind Estate, next to Helston Community College; Spiral Construction is the UK's leading manufacturer of spiral staircases. The West Country dialects derive not from a corrupted form of modern English, but from the Southwestern dialects of Middle English, which themselves derived from the dialects of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex. Meggitt is a leading aerospace and defence contractor, based west of Bournemouth Airport, with Hobbycraft, at a former BAC works in Hurn, close to West Parley. Stanley Security (former Amano Blick) is on the Techno trading estate, north of the town centre. It includes two entire national parks, Dartmoor and Exmoor (a small part of the New Forest is also within the region); and four World Heritage Sites: Stonehenge, the Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape, the Jurassic Coast and the City of Bath. Ultimately, the Danes lost control of Wessex in 1042 on the death of both of Canute's sons. It is geographically the largest of the nine regions of England covering 9,200 square miles (23,800km2),[1] but the third-least populous, with approximately five million residents. Many people in the region have some level of a "South West" or "West Country" regional identity, although this may not necessarily correspond to an identification with the official government-defined region. Stokes, Paul. [104][105] The Portishead power stations were coal-fed power stations built next to the dock. After the war, in 1662, the keep was demolished and only the base remains. [155] Cereal Partners make Shredded Wheat and Shreddies at Staverton, near Trowbridge. [8] All of the principal rock types can be seen on the Jurassic Coast of Dorset and East Devon, where they document the entire Mesozoic era from west to east. Somerset played an important part in stopping the spread of the Danes in the 9th century. A., North Somerset U. National radio is transmitted from North Hessary Tor (west Devon) and Wenvoe (west of Cardiff). Learn about what are the key differences between Manufacturing and production. For full-time first degree students, 35% come from the region, around 22% are from South East England, and 8% are from London. In Salisbury, James heard that some of his officers, such as Edward Hyde, had deserted, and he broke out in a nose-bleed which he took as a bad omen. DEFRA have a main site for Devon at Winslade Park, to the east at Clyst St Mary; nearby to the south on the A376 is the HQ of Devon & Somerset Fire & Rescue Service. Edward Jenner, pioneer of vaccination, was from Gloucestershire. During the First World War many soldiers from the South West were killed, and war memorials were put up in most of the towns and villages; only a few villages escaped casualties. Axminster Carpets makes carpets for every Wetherspoons pub. HMNB Devonport is now the largest naval base in Western Europe. [81] By the 12th century Bristol was an important port, handling much of England's trade with Ireland. Thomas Young of Somerset is known for his double-slit experiment in optics, and in solid mechanics for his famous Young's modulus. The Special Boat Service is based at RM Poole, home of the Navy's amphibious warfare section, off the B3068 at Hamworthy in the west of Poole. [94] During the Siege of Taunton it was defended by Robert Blake, from July 1644 to July 1645. The vast majority of trains in the region are operated by CrossCountry, Great Western Railway (GWR) and South Western Railway (SWR). What is the difference between Production and Manufacturing? [80] In Bristol the port began to develop in the 11th century. During the Wars of the Roses, there were frequent skirmishes between the Lancastrian Thomas Courtenay, Earl of Devon and Yorkist William, Lord Bonville. [151] Valero Energy UK, who bought Texaco from Chevron in 2011, are in Eldene, in the former head office of St Ivel; Patheon UK (pharmaceuticals, on the former site of Roussel Uclaf) are on the B4006 in Covingham, north of Valero, in the east of Swindon. [100] The large Portland Harbour, built at the end of the 19th century and protected by Nothe Fort and the Verne Citadel, was for many years, including during the wars, another of the largest Royal Navy bases. A.,[28] Torbay U. During this period Bristol also became a centre of shipbuilding and manufacturing. Cygnus Instruments, on the B3144 in Dorchester, is the leading manufacturer of ultrasonic thickness gauges, developing the technique in the early 1980s. [130] Geographical names derived from the British language are widespread in South West England, and include several examples of the River Avon, from abon = "river" (cf. The British & Foreign Bible Society is on the Delta Business Park in Westlea, near Intergraph UK (geospatial software, owned by Hexagon AB) on the other side of Westmead industrial estate, with Metric Group, the only UK manufacturer of parking meters. These included the Post Track and the Sweet Track. The Colt Car Company UK (who distribute Mitsubishi Motors) are in Cirencester, and Corin Group make artificial joints on the A429 near the Royal Agricultural University. [37] Stonehenge, Avebury and Stanton Drew are perhaps the most famous Neolithic sites in the UK. Sweyn ruled Wessex, along with his other realms, from 1013 onwards, followed by his son Canute the Great. Thatchers Cider is in Sandford, North Somerset on the A368, two miles east of the M5. [86] This insubordination spread swiftly into serious revolt. [50] The upper Thames area soon came under Anglo-Saxon control but the remainder of the region was in British control until the 6th century.

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